2.2 Main Ideas
-Autotrophs, such as plants, make nutrients that can be used by the plants and by heterotrophs.
Heterotrophs include herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and decomposers.-
-Food chains are simple models that show one way that materials move from autotrophs to
heterotrophs and eventually to decomposers.
-Food webs represtent many interconnected food chains and illustrate possible ways materials are transferred with in and ecosystem. Energy from the sun fuels life in ecosystems. Although the sun adds new energy, the materials of life, such as carbon and nitrogen, do not increase. These materials are used and reused in cycles in nature.
Section 2.2
Define-autotroph-
-decomposer-
-food chain-
-food web-
-heterotroph-
-scavenger-
-trophic level-
2.2 Outline
How organisms obtain energy-
-The producers: Autotrophs-
-autotrophs: plants, produce their own food through photosynthesis-
-The consumers: Heterotrophs-
-Hetertrophs: basic consumers all around-
-Herbivore: plant eaters-
-Carnivore: meat eaters-
-Omnivores: plant and meat eaters-
-Scavenger: eat already dead animals-
-Decomposer: decompose dead material-
Matter and Energy Flow-
-Food chains: pathways for matter and energy-
-uses arrows to indicate which way the energy flows-
-Trophic levels represent links in the chain-
-trophic level-
-like a flow chart-
(--------> to ---------> to ---------> to ---------->)
-Food webs-
-Food webs represent all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in the community
-many interconnected food chains-
-Energy and trophic levels: Ecological pyramids-
-shown by food webs and food chains-
-higher trophic levels are on top of the web or chain-
-biomass shows relationship between ratios-
-3000 grass to 260 grasshoppers to 25 partrigaes to 1 hawk-
-producers - herbivores - carnivores - top carnivores-
Cycles in Nature-
-water cycle: water source-->evaporation/transpiration-->condensation-->precipitation-
-carbon cycle-
-nitrogen cycle-
-phosphorus cycle-
